The chapter presents annual statistical information on the economic activity, employment and unemployment of the population, as well as on job vacancies. The Labour Force Survey is carried out in all member states of the European Union according to a common methodology and concepts of employed persons and the unemployed used by the International Labour Organization. Therefore, the results are comparable across countries.

In 2023, the quarterly survey sample comprised about 8,000 households. Households are selected from the Population Register through the use of a random sampling method. This method provides equal opportunities for all residents of the country to be included in the survey. Per quarter, approximately 0.5 per cent of the population aged 15–89 are interviewed; the results are recalculated for the total population.

In 2023, the number of employed persons totalled 1 million 1,441.1 thousand, that of the unemployed –105.5 thousand, inactive persons aged 15 and older – 904.3 thousand. In 2023, the number of persons classified under the labour force totalled 1 million 546.6 thousand. Over the year, the labour force increased by 36.5 thousand persons.

Over the year, the activity rate of persons aged 15–64 increased by 0.2 percentage points and stood at 78.8 per cent in 2023. The male activity rate was higher than the female one: in 2023, the male activity rate stood at 79.7, female – 77.8 per cent.

Economic activity of the population (persons aged 15 and older)
Thousand

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, the em­ploy­ment rate of persons aged 15–64 stood at 73.2 per cent, and, over the year, decreased by 0.6 percentage points. The male and female employment rate stood at 73.7 and 72.6 per cent respectively, and, over the year, decreased by 0.2 and 1.0 percentage points respectively.

Activity and employment rate of persons aged 15–64
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, the employment rate of youth (aged 15–24) stood at 30.8 per cent, and, over the year, decreased by 1.2 percentage points. In 2023, as in 2022, almost every third person aged 15–24 was employed.

Over the year, the employment rate of persons aged 55–64 decreased by 0.7 percentage points and stood at 69.1 per cent.

Employed persons by age group
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, there were 1 million 441.1 thousand employed persons, which is by 20.3 thousand more than in 2022. Over the year, the largest drop in the number of employed persons was observed in real estate activities (0.5 thousand), the largest growth – in professional, scientific and technical activities (10 thousand).

Nine out of ten (92.9 per cent) employed persons were working full‑time. 

In 2023, the highest number of persons worked in industry – 258.9 thousand (18 per cent of the total number of em­ployed persons), trade – 209.4 thousand (14.5 per cent), and education – 130.7 thousand (9.1 per cent).

Construction remained a male preserve: in 2023, the proportion of men in construction made up 7.1, in transportation and storage – 5.6 per cent of the total number of persons employed in this area. Education was a female preserve: in 2023, the proportion of women in this field of activity made up 6.9, in human health and social work – 6.7 per cent of the total number of persons employed in this area.

Employment rate by age group and sex, 2023
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, the biggest proportion of employed persons were professionals – 417.9 thousand (29 per cent of the total number of employed persons), craft and related trades workers – 192.3 thousand (13.3 per cent), service and sales workers – 172.4 thousand (12 per cent).

In addition to the main job, 85 thousand employed persons had a second job.

In 2023, the number of the unemployed amounted to 105.5 thousand, i.e. by 16.2 thousand more than in 2022. In 2023, one in 21 persons aged 15–74 was unemployed, in 2022 – one in 24 persons. In 2023, the number of the long-term unemployed was 35.1 thousand (33.3 per cent of the total number of the unemployed), which is by 0.1 thousand more than in 2022.

In 2023, there were 13.5 thousand unemployed persons aged 15–24; against 2022, their number increased by 2 thousand. In 2023, one in 20 persons aged 15–24 was unemployed, in 2022 – one in 23 persons.

In 2023, the unemploy­ment rate stood at 6.8 per cent, which is by 0.9 percentage points more than in 2022. In 2023, the male unemployment rate was higher than the female one: the male unemployment rate stood at 7.3, the female one – at 6.4 per cent

In 2023, against 2022, the youth (aged 15–24) unemployment rate increased by 2 percentage points and stood at 13.8 per cent. 

In 2023, against 2022, the long-term unemployment rate remained unchanged and stood at 2.3 per cent.

In 2023, 13.5 per cent of persons aged 15–24 were not in employment, education or training. Over the year, the proportion of such persons increased by 3.8 percentage points. The share of men who were neither working, studying nor participating in trainings increased by 4.3 percentage points (from 10.2 in 2022 to 14.5 per cent in 2023), women – by 3.5 percentage points (from 9.1 in 2022 to 12.6 per cent in 2023).

Unemployment rate
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Ratio of the registered unemployed to the working age population by municipality, 2023
Per cent

Source: Data provided by the Employment Service under the Ministry of Social Security and Labour
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Total unemployment rate (age group 15–74) in the EU states, 2023
Per cent

EU 27 – 6.2%

Source: Eurostat’s database

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Activity rate – an indicator expressed as a ratio of the labour force of the selected age group to the total population of the same age.

Employed population – persons doing any kind of work, for which they are remunerated in cash or in kind or have income or profit.

Employment rate – an indicator expressed as a ratio of the employed population of a selected age group to the total population of the same age.

Inactive population – persons who are neither working nor looking for a job and who can be categorized as neither employed nor unemployed.

Labour force – the total employed population and the unemployed.

Long-term unemployed person – an unemployed person who has been looking for a job for one year or longer.

Long-term unemployment rate – an indicator expressed as a ratio of the number of the long-term unemployed to the labour force.

Main job – a job done by a person during working hours in the reference week.

Unemployed person – a non-working person aged 15–74 who has been actively looking for a job in the last four weeks and is ready to start working in two weeks.

Unemployment rate – an indicator expressed as a ratio of the unemployed to the labour force.

In 2023, there were 27.2 thousand job vacancies for employees, which is by 1.5 thousand (5.7 per cent) more than in 2022. Over the year, the largest increase in the number of job vacancies was recorded in enterprises engaged in transportation and storage (1.1 thousand), human health and social work activities (0.6 thousand), administrative and support service activities (0.4 thousand).

Job vacancies and job vacancy rate

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, the highest number of job vacancies was registered in transportation and storage – 5.4 thousand (20 per cent of the total number of job vacancies), industry¹ – 4.3 thousand (15.9 per cent), public administration and defence, compulsory social security – 3.9 thousand (14.4 per cent).

In 2023, the job vacancy rate in the country stood at 2 per cent and was by 0.1 percentage point higher than in 2022. The highest job vacancy rate was recorded in public administration and defence, compulsory social security (4.4 per cent), transportation and storage (3.3 per cent), financial and insurance activities (2.5 per cent), the lowest – in real estate activities (0.2 per cent), agriculture, forestry and fishing (0.5 per cent), and education (0.6 per cent) activities. 

___________________________________
¹ Industry covers mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities.

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Job vacancy – a paid post that has been newly created, is unoccupied, or about to become vacant, for which an employer is taking active steps and is prepared to take further steps to find a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned, and which the employer intends to fill either immediately or within a specific period of time.

Job vacancy rate – the number of job vacancies expresses as a percentage of the sum of the number of occupied posts and the number of job vacancies.

The chapter presents annual statistical information on changes in earnings of the population, gender pay gap, the number of employees in the public and private sectors. The minimum amounts approved in accordance with the procedures established by laws are presented.

In 2023, average gross monthly earnings in the whole economy (individual enterprises included) totalled EUR 2,013.8. Compared to 2022, average gross monthly earnings in the whole economy increased by 12.6 per cent: in the public sector, average gross monthly earnings totalled EUR 2,115.6 (increased by 13.1 per cent), in the private sector – EUR 1,973.1 (increased by 12.4 per cent).

Over a year, an increase in average gross monthly earnings was recorded in all economic activities: from 5 per cent (real estate activities) to 22.7 per cent (administrative and support service activities).

Average net (after employee tax) monthly earnings in the whole economy totalled EUR 1,249.0, and against 2022, increased by 11.4 per cent: in the public sector, they amounted to EUR 1,306.9 (increased by 12 per cent), in the private sector – EUR 1,225.8 (increased by 11.2 per cent).

Average monthly earnings
EUR

________________
¹ Individual enterprises included.
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, against 2022, index of real earnings in the whole economy totalled 102.1 per cent: in the public sector – 102.7 per cent, in the private sector – 101.9 per cent.

Change in average monthly earnings in the whole economy
Compared to the previous year, per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, against 2022, average net monthly earnings increased in all municipalities – from 6.5 per cent (in Jonava municipality) to 19.2 per cent (in Varėna municipality). In the enterprises of Vilnius city and Kaunas city municipalities, the average net monthly earnings in 2023 exceeded the average net monthly earnings (EUR 1,249) in the whole economy by EUR 172.6 and EUR 44.7 respectively.

Net average monthly earnings in the whole economy by municipality, 2023
Net average earnings (monthly) including individual enterprises, EUR

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Purchasing power of net earnings¹ of employees in the whole economy
Purchasing power of average net monthly earnings in

________________
× – indicator is not calculated in such expression
¹ Individual enterprises excluded.
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Changes in earnings in 2023 were influenced by the following amendments to the tax system: increased basic wages for politicians, judges, civil servants, public service employees and employees of budgetary institutions, increased minimum monthly wage, changes in the procedure for the calculation of the tax‑exempt amount of income, and other reasons.

Minimum monthly wage
Compared to average gross monthly earnings, per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, against 2022, the average number of employees increased in all sectors. In the whole economy increased by 18 thousand (1.3 per cent), in the public sector – increased by 1.1 thousand (0.3 per cent), in the private sector – increased by 17 thousand (1.7 per cent).

Average number of employees

________________
¹ Individual enterprises included.
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Indices of the average number of employees
Compared to the previous year, per cent

________________
¹ Individual enterprises included.
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Minimum monthly wages in the EU states, 2023
1 July, EUR

Source: Eurostat’s database

Over the past twenty years, during Lithuania's membership in the EU and NATO, the average monthly earnings in the country has consistently grown. In 2023, the average gross monthly earnings in the whole economy (individual enterprises included), amounted to EUR 2,013.8. The average gross monthly earnings in the whole economy increased six times compared to 2004.

Average monthly earnings¹ in the whole economy

¹ From 2019 gross earnings were indexed 1.289 times due to changes of existing rates of the state social insurance contributions paid by the employer and the employee.
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Average number of employees – the average number of employees (natural persons) irrespective of their working time. In this case, part-time employees are not converted into full‑time units.

Employee – a person who, under a contract with an employer, has assumed obligations to work or perform certain functions according to procedures established at the workplace and receiving an agreed remuneration. The statutory civil servants, state politicians, public officials and other public sector employees are included as well.

Gross earnings – remuneration in cash covering the basic wage and bonuses, payable by the employer to the employee directly, including social insurance contributions and individual income tax payable by the employee. Gross earnings include overtime payments, remuneration for work on weekends and public holidays, time not worked but paid for (annual and additional leave, idle time which is not the employee’s fault, and other time off granted with pay and directly linked to work) as well as cost-of-living allowances (as difference due to wage indexation). Material and temporary unemployment benefits paid irrespective of the source of finance, compensation for unused annual leave, severance pays and similar benefits are excluded.

Index of real earnings – a relative indicator reflecting the change in net earnings after the influence of the change in prices for consumer goods and services has been eliminated. The indicator is calculated by dividing the index of net earnings by the index of consumer prices.

Minimum earnings (minimum hourly wage or minimum monthly wage) – the minimum permissible remuneration for unskilled work for an employee per one hour or for the full rate of working time per calendar month respectively. Unskilled work refers to work for which there are no specific requirements in terms of qualifications or professional skills.

Net earnings – remuneration in cash covering the basic wage and bonuses, payable by the employer to the employee directly, excluding social insurance contributions and individual income tax payable by the employee.

Public sector – budgetary institutions and organisations (educational, health care, social work, cultural, public administration, etc.), public establishments, enterprises where state and municipal property makes up 50 per cent or more of authorised capital.

The State Data Agency informs that based on the data of the Survey on Pensions and Participation in Labour Market, in 2023, more than a third (35.6 per cent) of the population aged 50–74 received state social insurance pension: statutory pension was received by 39.6 per cent of women and 30.6 per cent of men. 1.4 per cent of people of this age group received statutory and personal pension (from private pension funds or pension insurance), 0.6 per cent – statutory and occupational pension, 0.8 per cent – only occupational pension. 61.5 per cent of residents of this age group did not receive any old-age pension.

9.7 per cent of residents aged 50–74 receive disability pension. The number of men receiving such pension (10.3 per cent) slightly exceeded that of women (9.2 per cent).

Persons aged 50–74 by type of old-age pension
Per cent

_____________________________
* Data are not presented since the error of a statistical estimate exceeds the allowable value accepted.
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

The majority (90.4 per cent) of the population aged 50–74 received their first state social insurance old-age pension without any reduction or bonus. Reduced pension due to earlier retirement was received by 8.4 per cent of the population aged 50–74, more women (8.9 per cent) than men (7.5 per cent). The share of persons aged 50–74 who received an increased pension due to retirement deferment made up 1.2 per cent.

Population aged 50–74 by the first received old-age pension
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Participation in the labour market of the population aged 50–74 receiving old-age pension

Within 6 months of receiving the first old-age pension, 38.1 per cent of the population aged 50–74 stopped working, men stopped working more often (38.9 per cent) than women (37.6 per cent). A third (32.9 per cent) of the population of this age group were employed and continued working without any changes, 10.8 per cent – continued working with some changes (changed job, worked less hours). 14.1 per cent of men and 8.6 per cent of women continued working with certain changes.

Employment situation of the population aged 50–74 within 6 months of receiving the first old-age pension
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

30.5 per cent of the population aged 50–74 continued working once they had started receiving old-age pension because it was financially necessary to work, while 28.2 per cent – because it was financially attractive to work. 29.2 per cent of the population of this age continued working because they enjoyed working and being productive – this reason was indicated by 35.1 per cent of men and 25.1 per cent of women who continued working. 5.4 per cent of residents of this age continued working because they wanted to be socially integrated – this reason was indicated by women (6.8 per cent) more often than men (3.3 per cent).

Population aged 50–74 by main reason for continuing to work after starting to receive old-age pension
Pe cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

4.8 per cent of the population aged 50–74 who did not work before retirement returned to the labour market after starting to receive old-age pension: 2.5 per cent of them were engaged in occasional work only (for less than 3 months), 2.3 per cent – were employed for at least 3 months, slightly more women (2.4 per cent) than men (2.2 per cent).

Employment situation after starting to receive old-age pension of the population aged 50–74 who did not work before retirement 
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

70 per cent of the population aged 50–74 stopped working because they reached retirement age or eligibility to receive a pension. 15.8 per cent of the population of this age stopped working due to illness or disability (17.4 per cent of men and 14.7 per cent of women), 3.3 per cent – due to caring responsibilities or other family reasons (4.9 per cent of women and 0.9 per cent of men).

Population aged 50–74 by main reason for stopping work after starting to receive a retirement pension
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Statistical Survey on Pensions and Participation in Labour Market was conducted in I–IV quarters 2023 using the sample method. 5.5 thousand of the population aged 50–74 were surveyed. Results of the Survey were recalculated for total population of this age group. The Survey provided information on the pensions received by the respondents, the type of pension, the disability pension, situation after starting to receive old-age pension, participation in the labour market when receiving pension.

In 2023, the Survey was carried out in all European Union countries according to a common methodology. Therefore, the Survey results are comparable across countries.

 
The Survey on Pensions and Participation in Labour Market is funded by the European Union.

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Employed population – persons doing any kind of work, for which they are remunerated in cash or in kind or have income or profit.

The chapter presents statistical information on health care expenditure in the country and its changes, as well as the trends of changes in the number of health care employees.

In 2023, healthcare expenditure in the country totalled EUR 5.36 billion, or 7.3 per cent of gross domestic product. Compared to 2022, it increased by 9.7 per cent.

Healthcare expenditure¹
EUR million

¹ Data calculated using the System of Health Accounts 2011 methodology of the Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development (OECD), Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), and World Health Organization (WHO).
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Healthcare expenditure per capita¹
EUR

¹ Data calculated using the System of Health Accounts 2011 methodology of the Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development (OECD), Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), and World Health Organization (WHO).
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Healthcare expenditure, compared to gross domestic product (GDP)
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In recent years, changes in the number of healthcare personnel were marginal. At the end of 2023, there were 48 physicians, 12 dentists, and 77 nurses (including midwives) per 10,000 population.

In 2023, the number of hospital beds (except those for nursing) did not change much: there were 55 hospital beds per 10,000 population at the end of 2023. 

In 2023, population per practitioner stood at 218 (in 2022, 227).

Healthy life years did not change much: in 2022, healthy life years of women – 62.3 years, men – 58.2 years.

Main health care indicators
End of the year

Source: Data provided by the Institute of Hygiene
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Number of physicians and dentists per 10,000 population
End of the year

Source: Data provided by the Institute of Hygiene
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Hospital beds (excluding beds for nursing) per 10,000 population
End of the year

Source: Data provided by the Institute of Hygiene
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Hospital beds (excluding beds for nursing) by municipality, 2023
End of the year

              category not applicable
Source: Data provided by the Institute of Hygiene
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Population per one practicing physician
End of the year

Source: Data provided by the Institute of Hygiene
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Healthy life years
Age, years

Source: Data provided by the Institute of Hygiene
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Healthy life years (1); Disability‑free life expectancy (2) – a probability indicator reflecting the number of remaining years that a person of a specific age is still expected to live in a healthy condition. A healthy condition is defined by the absence of limitations in functioning or disability; therefore, the indicator is also called disability-free life expectancy.

Healthcare expenditure – refers to the final consumption expenditure of resident units on healthcare goods and services, including healthcare goods and services provided directly to individuals, and on collective healthcare services.

Social protection receipts and expenditure are cal­culated according to the European System of Inte­grated Social Protection Statistics (ESSPROS).

According to the ESSPROS, social pro­tection encompasses all interventions from State, municipal or private bodies intended to relieve households and individu­als of the burden of a defined set of risks or needs, provided that there is neither a simultaneous reciprocal ar­rangement nor an individual arrange­ment involved.

The list of risks or needs (functions) that may give rise to social protection is as follows:

1. Sickness and/or health care;
2. Disability;
3. Old age;
4. Survivors;
5. Family and/or children;
6. Unemployment;
7. Housing;
8. Social exclusion not elsewhere classified.

 
Retirement (old-age pension) age

From 1 January 2012, the retirement age for men is prolonged by two months and for women – by four months every year, until it reaches the statutory retirement age of 65 for men and women (2026).

In 2022, social protection expenditure amounted to EUR 11.19 billion, or, on average, EUR 3,952 per capita. Over the year, per‑capita expenditure increased by 6.4 per cent. In 2022, social protection expenditure, compared to the gross domestic product, made up 16.6 per cent (in 2021, 18.5 per cent).

Social protection expenditure

________________
¹ Indicators calculated according to the European system of integrated social protection statistics (ESSPROS).
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Social protection expenditure, compared to gross domestic product (GDP)
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Expenditure on benefits related to old age has been predominant. In 2022, it amounted to EUR 4.5 billion, or 40.73 per cent of total expenditure on social benefits. Compared to 2021, old age‑related expenditure increased by EUR 548 million, or 12.02 per cent.

At the end of 2023, there were 890.2 thousand persons receiving at least one pension, i.e. 30.8 per cent of the total population. Compared to 2022, the number of pension beneficiaries increased by 0.9 per cent. State social insurance old‑age pen­sioners accounted for the greatest proportion of pension beneficiaries; at the end of 2023, their number totalled 622.6 thousand and, compared to 2022, increased by 1 per cent (6.4 thousand).

Based on provisional data, in 2023, against 2022, expenditure on pensions increased by EUR 708 million (15.5 per cent) and amounted to EUR 5.3 billion. In 2023, the share of such expenditure, compared to gross domestic product (GDP), made up 7.3 per cent (in 2022, 6.8 per cent).

In 2022, expenditure on disability bene­fits amounted to EUR 877.3 million, or 8 per cent of total expenditure on social protection benefits. Compared to 2021, it increased by EUR 81.8 million, or 9.3 per cent.

At the end of 2023, compared to 2022, the number of state social in­sur­ance work incapacity (disability) pension beneficiaries decreased by 4.9 thousand (3.4 per cent) and amounted to 142.1 thousand.

In 2022, sickness and health care expenditure amounted to EUR 3.47 billion, or 31.7 per cent of total expenditure on social protection benefits. Compared to 2021, it increased by 12.7 per cent.

In 2022, 11.7 per cent of total expenditure on social security benefits in cash and kind was allocated to family and children. Compared to 2021, such expenditure increased by EUR 141 million (12.4 per cent) and amounted to EUR 1.27 billion in 2022.

Structure of social protection benefits by function, 2023*

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Average annual number of persons entitled to pensions
Thousand

_______________
¹ Recipients of State social insurance pensions paid to Lithuanian nationals living abroad are not included.
Source: Data provided by the State Social Insurance Fund Board and the Ministry of Social Security
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Number of pension beneficiaries and expenditure on pensions

_______________
¹ Indicators calculated according to the European system of integrated social protection statistics (ESSPROS).
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Expenditure on pensions, compared to GDP
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Number of recipients of social assistance benefit per 1,000 population, 2023

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, 60 child­ren who have lost parental care were adop­ted (in 2022, 66), of them 6 – by foreign nationals (in 2022, 7). 

Adopted children

Source: Data provided by the State Child Rights Protection and Adoption Service under the Ministry of Social Security and Labour
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

The number of children available for adoption increased by 10.2 per cent over the year and amounted to 801 at the end of 2023.

Children available for adoption
End of the year

Source: Data provided by the State Child Right Protection and Adoption Service under the Ministry of Social Security and Labour
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

* Provisional data.
** Revised data.

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Expenditure on pensions – the sum of expenditure on pensions of all categories during the reference period (excluding administration costs), comprising expenditure on pensions from the State Social Insurance Fund, the state budget and pension funds.

Pension beneficiary – a person receiving at least one pension which is assigned by law.

The chapter presents data on educational attainment of the population, general government expendi­ture on education, data on public and private educational establishments: preschool establishments, gene­ral, vocational schools, schools of higher education (colleges, universities). Statistical information is produced based on statistical surveys and administrative data.

Preschool education refers to education provided for a child from his/her birth until the commencement of provision of pre‑primary education. The pre-school curriculum shall be implemented by pre-school education schools, general education schools, freelance teachers or other education providers.

General education refers to education according to primary, general lower secondary, and general upper secondary education programmes.

Vocational education and training means learning according to vocational education curricula for the purpose of assisting a person in the acquisition or upgrading of qualification or in the acquisition of competences required for the carrying out of work or functions regulated by law. Upon completion of a formal vocational training programme and/or receiving an assessment of the competences acquired in accordance with established procedures, a qualification of a respective level is awarded.

Higher education studies refers to the studies of a person having received at least general upper secondary education at school of higher education according to a certain study programme or the writing of a PhD thesis. Upon completion of a higher education programme, a higher education qualification is awarded.

In the 2023–2024 academic year, the number of students in formal education of Lithuania amounted to 477.4 thousand, or every sixth resident of Lithuania.

In 2023, the residents aged 25–64 with higher education totalled 740.5 thousand and accounted for 46.4 per cent of the total population of the country.

Educational attainment of the population aged 25–64
Thousand

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Levels of lifelong learning for people aged 25–64
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

The number of people aged 18–24 having no medium level of education (early leavers) was on an increase and accounted for 6.4 per cent of the total number of people in the said age group in 2023.

Share of early leavers from education and training (age group 18–24)
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, expenditure per student from the government funds averaged EUR 4,898, from the funds of domestic and foreign natural or legal persons – EUR 1,083.

General government expenditure on formal and non-formal education

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Expenditure per student
EUR thousand

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

At the beginning of the academic year 2023–2024, there were 722 preschool establishments operating in the country (of which 624 – in urban, 98 – in rural areas); 418 general schools had preschool education groups integrated. 121.6 thousand children attended preschool establishments, 10.5 thousand – pre‑primary groups in general schools. In total, 84.3 per cent of children participated in preschool and pre-primary education. In 2023, there were 112 places in preschool establishments per 100 children and 100 places per 100 children aged under 3 attending these institutions. 

Preschool education establishments
At the beginning of the academic year

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Preschool education establishments
At the beginning of the academic year, per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Enrolment in preschool education by municipality, 2023
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, compared to 2022, the number of general schools decreased from 910 to 909. At the beginning of the 2023–2024 school year, 346.7 thousand students were educated according to general education programmes. In 2023, lower secondary education certificates in general schools were received by 24.6 thousand students (in 2022, 25.3 thousand), upper secondary – 19.9 thousand (in 2022, 20.1 thousand). More than two thirds of general school-leavers (74.4 per cent) continued their education in the country’s education establishments in the same year: 42.1 per cent – in universities, 20.9 per cent – in colleges, 11.3 per cent – in vocational schools.

Education establishments, beginning of the academic year

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Number of students per 10,000 population

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Further education of general school-leavers, 2023
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

At the beginning of the academic year 2023–2024, there were 59 vocational education institutions with 27.7 thousand students in them. In 2023, as in 2022, there were 8.5 thousand graduates from such institutions. 3.1 thousand students of vocational education institutions, alongside profession, were conferred upper secondary education certificate.

Vocational training institutions and students by municipalities in 2023–2024
At the beginning of the academic year

              category not applicable
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

The highly qualified professionals were trained by 36 higher education institutions – 17 universities and 19 colleges (of which 6 universities and 7 colleges were private).

At the beginning of the 2023–2024 academic year, there were 103 thousand students in those schools, of whom 72.8 thousand – in universities, 30.2 thousand – in colleges. In 2023, compared to 2022, the number of students in schools of higher education increased by 605 students, or by 0.6 per cent.

In 2023, in colleges, a professional bachelor’s degree was obtained by 7 thousand graduates; in universities, 7.8 thousand graduates obtained a bachelor’s, 6.7 thousand – master’s, 355 – PhD degrees. 853 graduates, upon the completion of university non-degree programmes, acquired a professional qualification (468 – completed residency studies, 385 – pedagogical studies).

University students by stage at the beginning of the school year

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Changes in the number of pupils and students with basic, secondary and higher education

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Over the past decade, the number of children educated according to preschool and pre-primary education programs and primary education programs has increased (by 7.9 and 11.9 per cent, respectively).

The number of students at other levels of education has decreased, the largest decrease being in vocational training with secondary education (by 2.1 times, or 52.8 per cent), bachelor's and professional bachelor's studies (by 31.8 per cent).

Pupils and students by level of education
An indicator reflecting 20 years of Lithuania's membership in the EU

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Formal education – education implemented according to education programmes approved and registered in accordance with a procedure laid down by legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania, the completion of which results in the attainment of primary, basic, secondary or higher education and/or a qualification, or in the recognition of a competence necessary to carry out work or fulfil a function regulated by the law.

Lifelong learning rate – a ratio of the population aged 25–64 who during four weeks participated in formal or informal education and training to the total population of the same age

Non-formal education – education according to various programmes on meeting educational needs and upskilling. Such education is provided in the form of courses, seminars, conferences, private lessons as well as on-the-job training.

The chapter presents the number of households in Lithuania and the number of the members of a statistical household based on the Labour Force Survey. The results of the Income and Living Conditions Survey show how the residents of Lithuania live and how many of them face material deprivation.

Based on the results of the Labour Force Survey, in 2023, there were 1 million 473.6 thousand households in Lithuania. The average household comprised 1.94 persons.

Number of households
Thousand

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Households comprised of a single person accounted for 48 per cent of the total number of households. Families with children accounted for 26 per cent, of them – 28 per cent consisted of one adult with dependent children.

Average size of households

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

The results of the Survey on Income and Living Conditions showed that in 2023 material and social deprivation was faced by 15.2 per cent of the population, of whom 6.1 per cent were facing severe material and social deprivation. Compared to 2022, the material and social deprivation rate increased by 2.5 percentage points: in urban areas – by 0.2, in rural areas – 7.1 percentage points. During the period in question, the severe material and social deprivation rate in the country increased by 0.1 percentage point: in urban areas – by 0.2 percentage point, in rural areas – remained unchanged.

Material and social deprivation rate
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, 24.3 per cent of the population were living at risk of poverty or social exclusion (in 2022, 24.6 per cent). Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion are those who meet at least one of the following conditions: living at risk of poverty, facing severe material and social deprivation or living in households with very low work intensity. 

In 2023, persons living at risk of poverty or social exclusion in urban areas accounted for 21.3, in rural areas – 31 per cent, which is by, respectively, 1.5 and 0.3 percentage points less than in 2022.

Consumption of foodstuffs
Per capita per year, kilograms

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU states, 2023
Per cent

EU 27 – 21.3%

Source: Eurostat’s database

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Household – a person living alone or a group of persons sharing the same living accommodation and expenditure, including collective provision of necessities of life.

Material and social deprivation items – list of items at household level: due to lack of funds, the household cannot afford 1) being confronted with payment arrears (on mortgage or rental payments, utility bills, hire purchase instalments or other loan payments); 2) paying for one week annual holiday away from home; 3) keeping home adequately warm; 4) having a meal with meat, chicken, fish or vegetarian equivalent every second day; 5) facing unexpected expenses; 6) having a car; 7) replacing worn-out furniture. List of items at individual level: due to lack of funds, a person cannot afford 1) having Internet access for personal use; 2) replacing worn-out clothes by some new ones; 3) having two pairs of properly fitting shoes (including a pair of all-weather shoes); 4) spending a small amount of money each week on him/herself; 5) having regular leisure activities; 6) getting together with friends/family for a drink/meal at least once a month.

Proportion of persons living at risk of poverty or social exclusion – proportion of those who meet at least one of the following conditions: living at risk of poverty, facing severe material or social deprivation or living in households with very low work intensity.

Severe material and social deprivation rate – proportion of the population facing at least 7 out of 13 material and social deprivation items due to lack of funds.

The chapter presents information on culture, the press and sport provided by the Ministry of Culture, Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania, Lithuanian National Culture Centre, Office of the Chief Archivist of Lithuania, Lithuanian Sport Centre, and the State Data Agency. Data on public libraries, museums, theatres, cine­mas, cultural centres, public archives, the press, radio and TV broadcasters are provided.

Culture

 
In 2023, there were 2,122 libraries, 595 cultural centres and branches, 111 museums, 66 theatres, and 23 cinemas operating in the country.

Cultural institutions
End of the year

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, there were 990 thousand registered library users, which is 34.3 per cent of the population. Compared to 2022, the number of registered library users increased by 44 thousand. Over the year, one user would visit a library, on average, 20.3 times. In 2023, library stocks comprised 46.1 million copies of documents.

Libraries
End of the year

Source: Data provided by the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Cultural centres
In 2023, there were 595 cul­tu­ral centres in the country with 3.3 thousand amateur art groups operating therein. In 2023, 43.7 thousand concerts and other cultural events were held by amateur art groups (in 2022, 41 thousand).

Museums
Over the year, the number of museum visitors increased from 5 to 5.7 million. There were 51.9 thousand visitors per museum. The highest number of visitors was received by the Lithuanian Sea Museum (661 thousand), National Museum – Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania (559 thousand), Lithuanian Art Museum (454 thousand) and Lithuanian National Museum (430 thousand), Trakai History Museum (299 thousand).

Theatres and concert agencies
In 2023, there were 13 public and 53 private theatres in the country, which gave 8.5 thousand performances, i.e., on average, 134 performances per theatre. Over the year, the number of theatregoers increased from 1.32 million to 1.35 million. In 2023, 7 concert agencies arranged 827 con­certs. The number of visitors totalled 307 thousand. In 2023, the annual volume of original radio programmes by the Lithuanian national radio and television broadcaster totalled 28.3 thousand hours, original television programmes – 31.1 thousand hours. The annual volume of original programmes by private radio broadcasters totalled 243.9 thousand hours, original television programmes – 172.9 thousand hours.

Cinemas
In 2023, Lithuanian cinemas received almost 3.5 million cinemagoers, which is by 0.5 million more than in 2022. There were 23 cinemas operating in the country, with the total of 139 cinema halls having 19.3 thousand seats. Over the year, there were, on average, 0.7 thousand showings per cinema hall. Over the year, one cinemagoer would visit a cinema, on average, 1.2 times.

Attendance of museum, theatres and cinemas, per 100 population

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

The press

Books under 3.046 titles were released in the country in 2023; the annual circulation thereof totalled 4.2 million copies. In 2023, magazines (including booklets) under 448 titles and newspapers under 132 titles were released. Compared to 2022, the annual circulation of newspapers and magazines decreased by 13.1 and 8.4 per cent respectively.

Publishing

Source: Data provided by the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Books and brochures publishing

Source: Data provided by the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Magazine publishing

Source: Data provided by the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Newspaper publishing

Source: Data provided by the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Books and brochures by language
Per cent

Source: Data provided by the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Sports

 
Number of participants in sports competitions and health events
End of the year, thousand

Source: Data provided by Lithuania sport centre
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Number of athletes
End of the year, thousand

Source: Data provided by Lithuania sport centre
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

The chapter presents statistical information on the number of criminal offences recorded in the country, convicted and imprisoned persons. Statistical data are provided by the Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania, the National Courts Administration, the Lithuanian Prison Service, and the Police Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania.

In 2023, the number of criminal offences recorded decreased by 1.2 per cent and totalled 45.2 thousand. Crimes accounted for 81.2 per cent of all the criminal offences recorded. In 2023, 4.6 per cent of crimes were serious and grave crimes. In 2023, 2 thousand serious and grave crimes were recorded, which is by 0.8 per cent less than in 2022.

Criminal offences recorded

Source: Data provided by the Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Lithuania
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, courts convicted 15 thousand persons, which is by 240 (1.6 per cent) less than in 2022. In 2023, there were 513 sentenced persons per 100 thousand population (in 2022, 533).

Persons sentenced by courts

Source: Data provided by the National Courts Administration
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

At the end of 2023, there were 4.5 thousand persons in imprisonment institutions (in 2022, 5 thousand); most of them – 4 thousand (88.2 per cent) – were those incarcerated and serving punishment, others (0.5 thousand, or 11.8 per cent) – pre‑trial detainees. In 2023, there were 159 incarcerated persons in imprisonment institutions per 100 thousand population (in 2022, 177).

Persons incarcerated in imprisonment institutions
End of the year

Source: Data provided by the Lithuanian Prison Service
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Criminal offences recorded, sentenced and incarcerated persons per 100,000 population

Source: Data provided by the National Courts Administration
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Persons recorded as victims of domestic crimes by municipality, 2023
Persons recorded as victims of domestic crimes per 100,000 population

Source: Data provided by the Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Lithuania
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

 
Police officers per 100,000 population
End of the year

Source: Data provided by the Police Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Domestic environment – the environment comprising the persons currently or previously linked by marriage, partnership, affinity or other close relations, also the persons having a common domicile and a common household.

Recorded crimes – data on crimes defined in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, in respect of which pre-trial investigation was initiated, is in progress or was terminated, recorded with the Departmental Register of Criminal Offences.

Recorded domestic violence crimes – crimes recorded according to Articles 129–132, 135–140, 145, 146, 149–151, 153, 154, 163, 165, 178, 180, 187, 253, 281, 284 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania (CC RL) related to domestic violence.

The chapter provides information on funds and expenditure on research and experimental development. Changes in the government budget appropriations or outlays on research and development, changes in the number of employees over the year, the average age of the employees and other relevant information is presented.

In 2023, R&D expenditure amounted to EUR 772.1 million. Compared to 2022, it increased by EUR 61.9 million, or 8.7 per cent. R&D expenditure in the higher education sector increased by EUR 79.6 million (or 31.6 per cent), in government sector – by EUR 13.4 million (12.9 per cent), while in business sector – decreased by EUR 31.1 million (8.3 per cent). In 2023, the major proportion of R&D expenditure fell within the higher education sector – EUR 331.3 million (or 42.9 per cent of the total R&D expenditure), while in the business enterprise sector, such expen­diture amounted to EUR 323.3 million (41.9 per cent), in the government sector – EUR 117.5 million (15.2 per cent).

R&D expenditure

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, based on provisional GDP figures, total R&D expenditure in Lithuania accounted for 1.07 per cent of GDP (in 2022, 1.05 per cent). R&D expenditure in the busi­ness enterprise sector accounted for 0.45 per cent of GDP (in 2022, 0.53 per cent), in the higher education and government sectors – 0.62 per cent (in 2022, 0.52 per cent).

Expenditure on R&D by sector
EUR million

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In terms of source of funding, the biggest proportion of R&D expendi­ture – 38.2 per cent – was made up of government funds; business enterprise funds accounted for 34.3, foreign funds – 23.7, the funds of higher education and non-profit institutions – 3.8 per cent.

In terms of type of costs, the biggest proportion of R&D expendi­ture – 56.2 per cent of the total R&D expendi­ture (EUR 434 million) – was made up of labour costs; other costs accounted for 28.8 per cent (EUR 222.1 million), acquisition of tangible fixed assets – 15 per cent (EUR 116 million).

In 2023, R&D expenditure on basic research ac­counted for 23.1, applied research – 45.4, ex­peri­men­tal development – 31.5 per cent of the total R&D expenditure. The business sector allocated the larg­est portion of funds – 62.9 per cent – for experimental development. The largest portion of funds of higher edu­cation and govern­ment sectors was allocated for applied research (57 and 46 per cent respec­tively).

In 2023, compared to 2022, the government budget allocations on research and development increased by EUR 59.1 million (31 per cent). The largest proportion of funds was allocated for R&D through higher education establishments: in 2023, from public general university funds – EUR 156.2 million (in 2022, EUR 121.7 million). 

R&D expenditure by type of research
EUR million

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, 25.9 thousand employees were en­gaged in R&D activities, of whom 9 thousand – re­searchers with a scientific degree. In the institu­tions of the higher education and government sec­tors, the number of employees engaged in R&D activities (both at the main and the secondary workplace) amounted to 18.1 thousand, of whom 8.4 thousand – researchers with a scien­tific degree. In the business sector, the num­ber of employees engaged in R&D activi­ties amounted to 7.9 thousand, of whom 627 – re­searchers with a scien­tific degree. In the higher education and government sectors, the majority of researchers were 35–44 years old – 3,958 (27.2 per cent), 25–34 years old – 3,104 (21.4 per cent), 45–54 years old – 3,753 (25.8 per cent), while researchers aged 65 and older accounted for 7.2 per cent. In the business sector, the majority of researchers were aged 25–34 – 1,950 (42 per cent), aged 35–44 – 1,464 (31.5 per cent), aged 45–54 – 635 (13.7 per cent), researchers aged 65 and older accounted for 2.4 per cent of all researchers.

Researchers with a scientific degree

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2023, the number of employees engaged in R&D activities in full-time units (i.e. after the recalculation of the number of employees engaged in R&D part‑time into that of employees engaged in R&D full‑time) totalled 14.4 thousand and, compared to 2022, decreased by 8.2 per cent. The number of researchers engaged in R&D activities in full‑time units decreased by 9.5 per cent (from 11,599 in 2022 to 10,492 in 2023).

Human resources in science and technology compared to the labour force in the EU states, 2023
Per cent

EU 27 – 50.1%

Source: Eurostat’s database

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms

Explanations

Research and development (R&D) – comprises creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including the knowledge of a human, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Researcher – specialists (professionals) engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods.

The chapter provides information about the development and use of information technologies (IT) in Lithuania. The remote access and meetings via the internet changes in e-commerce, IT security measures and Artificial Intelligence technologies and purposes of their usage are reviewed. Data on the IT use are provided based on the statistical survey.

  
The survey was partly funded by the European Union.

ICT in enterprises

Since the reference year 2022, data have been published according to a statistical unit – enterprise. An enterprise is a group of legal units, a legal unit or part of a legal unit. In the case when legal units are part of a group of enterprises and their combined activities form an operating segment, such legal units are treated as an enterprise.

 
At the beginning of 2024, fixed Internet connection was used by 97.9 per cent, mobile Internet connection – 95.1 per cent of all production and service enterprises having 10 and more persons employed. Download speed of more than 1 Gbit/s was used by 11.9 per cent enterprises. The Internet was used for daily work by 59.8, mobile Internet access – 43.4 per cent of persons employed.

At the beginning of 2024, 83.9 per cent of enterprises indicated that their employees had remote access (via computers or portable devices such as smartphones). 82.1 per cent of enterprises provided their employees with remote access to e‑mail system of the enterprise, 62.1 per cent – to documents of the enterprise (e.g. files, spreadsheets, presentations, charts, photos), 60.5 per cent – to business applications or software of the enterprise (e.g. access to accounting, sales, orders, CRM). 42.1 per cent of enterprises conducted remote meetings (via Skype, Zoom, MS Teams, WebEx, etc.)

In 2023, 42.1 per cent of enterprises carried out e‑commerce, i.e. sold goods or services via the Internet or other computer networks. In 2023, 18.7 per cent of enterprises sold goods or services via website or mobile applications, 34.6 per cent – via e‑commerce marketplace, and 5.2 per cent – through electronic data interchange. In 2023, 26.3 per cent of enterprises sold goods or services via the Internet or mobile applications to private customers, 31.2 per cent – to other enterprises and public authorities.

Proportion of enterprises which sold (received orders for) goods or services via computer networks
Per cent

| Break in time series
The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Structure of exports and imports of ICT goods

** Revised data.

In 2024, 90.9 per cent of enterprises used IT security measures. Most enterprises (68.9 per cent) applied strong password authentication, 67.3 per cent – data backup in separate locations, 52 per cent – network access control. In 2024, 27.5 per cent of enterprises had document on ICT security measures.

At the beginning of 2024, 8.8 per cent enterprises used artificial intelligence (AI) technologies: 6.3 per cent – used technologies performing analysis of written language, 2.8 per cent – technologies converting spoken language into machine-readable format, 3.6 per cent – technologies generating written or spoken language, 2.6 per cent – technologies identifying objects or persons based on images, 2.8 per cent – machine learning, 4.4 per cent – technologies automating different workflows, 1.4 per cent – technologies enabling physical movement of machines via autonomous decisions based on observation of surroundings. AI software or systems were mostly used for production processes (2.9 per cent), for research and development (R&D) or innovation activity (2.8 per cent), and for organisation of business processes (2.6 per cent).

Artificial intelligence software or systems usage in enterprises, 2024
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Output and value added of the ICT sector

* Provisional data 

ICT in households

Statistical information covers households at least one of whose members is aged 16–74.

Households having a PC, broadband Internet access
Per cent